Negative Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles as Predictors of Children’s Behavioral Problems: Moderating Effects of the Child’s Sex

Introduction
Children around the world are being brought up differently and some turn out according to the things they face when they are young. The level of children brain and the development process is very venerable to any form of harassment and it learns to be defensive or feel the comfort of being in a particular environment. In this case, we are supposed to determine the independent
and dependent variables in relation to the maternal and parental styles and how they affect the behavior of children between the age of five and six (Braza, Carreras,  Manuel, Braza, Azurmendi, Pascual-Sagastiza´bal, Cardas, and Sa´nchez-Martı´n, 2013). The way the parent brings up their children has a great influence on the way children turn out in their lives. For instance, some parent brings up their children using the authoritative style and another aggressive style. Both of these styles are effective in different occasion. The gender of the children also determines the effectiveness and the accuracy of the style and has different implication on children when they grow up.
Independent variables
When a person hears about independent variables you have to take it as it is. An independent variable stands alone and if the other variables change independently remains unchanged. A good example of independent variables is a person’s age. Whatever a person eats, and does in his life does not change his age. Therefore, the only way to determine whether variables are dependent is to find out whether they cause changes to other variables (Braza, Carreras, Manuel, Braza, Azurmendi, Pascual-Sagastiza´bal, Cardas, and Sa´nchez-Martı´n, 2013). Therefore, just from the example above the age of the children is the independent variable. The age that was preferred in this research was 62.8 months which is 5-6 years. The children in this age group are still young and how they turn out dependent on how their parents bring them up. Therefore, the age does not influence the how the children grasp various aspects of life but the behavior of their parents and the style of parenthood matters a lot.
Dependent variable
We said that independent variable is exactly what it sounds like, the dependent variable is not exempted because they are just like they sound. Dependent variables depend on other factors. For example, the test scores in an exam are not constant but depend on other factors such as how hard one studies, the rest one takes and the understanding level in a particular subject (Braza, Carreras, Manuel, Braza, Azurmendi, Pascual-Sagastiza´bal, Cardas, and Sa´nchez-Martı´n, 2013). Therefore, to determine if the variables are dependent we need to fig out how they are affected by other factors. In this case, the behavior of a child depends on the style that the parent chooses to use when bringing them up. The style a parent chooses depends on the whether it is the father or the mother.  The effectiveness of the style used also depend on the gender of the child where one style works better with female and is not effective to male children.
Threat to the internal validity
The validity of a technique used during data collection depends on the truthfulness of the information given. Therefore, the main factor that affects the validity of the research is whether the parents give honest information (Braza, Carreras, Manuel, Braza, Azurmendi, Pascual-Sagastiza´bal, Cardas, and Sa´nchez-Martı´n, 2013). Many parents will hesitate to display behaviors which show that they have poor parental behavior and the researchers are likely to draw a conclusion to data that is unreliable. Reliability helps the researchers to determine whether the data is accurate and if the users would benefit from it.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is important for parents to identify the best style that will work for their children depending on the environment they live in. It is also important to determine how the gender of the children influences the parental style that the parents choose.











                                                              References
Braza, P. Carreras, R. Manuel, J. • Braza, F. Azurmendi, A. Pascual-Sagastiza´bal, E. Cardas, J. and Sa´nchez-Martı´n, J. (2013) “Negative Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles as Predictors of Children’s Behavioral Problems: Moderating Effects of the Child’s Sex.” Pdf