Universal health care

Introduction
Universal health care are those systems that provide services to the citizens of a country without placing a financial burden on them. Through financial risk protection, each citizen enjoys improved access to healthcare and services. The universal healthcare system must include three critical components. These include the individuals covered, the extent of coverage, and the amount of the cost covered. It is debatable if any country has achieved universal healthcare, however; the UK, New Zealand, and Canada healthcare systems are some of the best in the world.

Statement of intent
I want to know the cost, quality, and aspects of healthcare services in the UK, Canada, and New Zealand and how each compare to the other.
Hypothesis
If the UK, Canada, and the United Kingdom have some of the successful healthcare plans in the world, then what are the lessons for other states.
Healthcare in the (UK) England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales
Each of the constituents of the United Kingdom has their own system of healthcare. Each of the countries in the kingdom has different policies. The different policies are the result of the differences existing within the countries. The healthcare service is free to all the citizens of the kingdom at the point of need. The healthcare is paid for by the tax deduction from each member of the society. Each of the country also has a private healthcare system; however, smaller than the public counterpart, it plays a significant role. The service is restricted to those with conditions, such as AIDS/HIV (Hadorn, 106). The United Kingdom healthcare system is, however; one of the best in the world. Recently, the world healthcare organization ranked the United Kingdom as the second most effective country in terms of efficiency and effective care. About 10% of the gross domestic product is dedicated to healthcare.
 The national healthcare system provides most of the health related care in the United Kingdom. The kingdom uses the strategic Health Authorities to monitor the healthcare fund. Below the healthcare authorities are the locally accountable bodies. The department of health holds the bodies accountable through the strategic health authorities. The private healthcare components in the United Kingdom is a valuable constituent those seen as an unnecessary component. The private sector is key to improving the public sector. The public sector operates only level three facilities directly. These facilities perform the critical level care to the patients. These include the terminally ill, those undergoing organ transplants, and amputations. The government only controls facilities treating patients under high risk and probable to cost the governments National Health Service (NHS). Private and public entities provide healthcare services to the local population. Healthcare services are provided directly to the population by the provider trusts (Hadorn, 103).
The provider trusts are healthcare providers operated by the NHS bodies. Their involvement includes the deliberation of the share of capital to each project and the priority of the project in the healthcare service. The budget is set at the national level using a three-year cycle. One initiative in place to help the government meet its budget is the setting of a capped budget. The government locates a limited amount of money to the new commissioning organizations, CCGs. The NHS commissioning board monitors performs of the CCGs closely. The current situation includes a largely static budget with increasing demand each year (Hadorn, 111).
The NHS employs more than one million people. The total expenditure for the 2011 was more than 140 million pounds. The expenditure experienced growth for up to 2009, since then the country experiences slowed growth. The total expenditure for the private sector has experienced continuous growth since 1997. The annual growth rate for the total healthcare expenditure remains within a decimal in growth rate. This is an attribute of the public healthcare system. The system enables healthcare provision regardless of the individuals financial capacity (Morton, & Shona, 12).
New Zealand
Through the Medicines Act 1981, the government ensures that healthcare services and products meet the standards they claim to meet. The government also ensures the provision of healthcare related information to the public. The PHARMAC vet the new drugs in the countrys market to ensure the public remains safe. The budget of the healthcare is determined in the budgetary process. The government provides a majority of the funding in this sector except for some environmental; health fund channeled through the local governments. The government reaches the estimates for the funding through sustainable funding paths. The sustainable funding path take into consideration the projected population change, the possible price increase, effect of technology and other innovations on the efficiency of the sector (Hadorn, 107).
Twenty district health boards (DHBs) are mandated with the responsibility of delivering the proper healthcare to the citizens of the country. They purchase services from the private and non-governmental sector to ensure they achieve high quality services. The boards, however, pursues the governments objectives and requirements. The boards operate government owned hospitals, healthcare centers, and community services. The service is available to the permanent residents of the country. Non-residents in the country are covered only for accidents through the no-fault accident compensation scheme. The private sector in the country provides only non-urgent care. This covers elective surgery and private consultants. The services are free for children under the age of six years for both working and non-working hours. Through copayments, the public shares the healthcare costs (Morton, & Shona, 11).
The government splits allocation of funds to ensure quality of services and reduce hospital biases. This is done through contestability. Through co ordination of care, the government integrates primary and secondary care solutions for the public. The flexibility for purchasing medicals services aims to meet local needs. The government provides a broad outline for public expenditure on matters pertaining to healthcare provision. The government through 13 population health objectives aims to improve the health of the public by discouraging alcohol, drug use, and reduce incidences of chronic diseases (Morton, & Shona, 13).
Finding
The United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand, and Canada provide healthcare services through a universal healthcare plan. Of the three healthcare plans, the New Zealand healthcare plan has undergone significant reforms in the last 20 years. The structure retains the cost effectiveness of a subscriber but devolves the provision of services to the regional structures. In Canada, each province is responsible for providing services to the residents of the province. There is no single healthcare program, the province deliver service in accordance to the Canada healthcare act. The Medicare service is serviced through general taxation. The current focus of the government in this sector is improving primary healthcare, reducing the waiting time, increasing the use of technology and innovations. The hospitals in the country are non profit entities, and the practitioners are paid on a fee-for-service basis (Hadorn, 105).
The residents of the United Kingdom receive healthcare services through the National Health Service (NHS). The service covers the drugs and the use of the facilities in the hospital. The allocation of the budget in the kingdom is similar to that of Canada and New Zealand. The money trickles down to the citizens through geographically defined structures. Through competitive allocation of roles to the private sector, the government ensures the quality of the services increases each year. A proportion of the money earned by the contracted company is dependent on the level of eminence and novelty. The private sector plays a significant role in the three healthcare plans. The role of the private sector in the UK is most significant because it provides direction for the public funding (Hadorn, 109).
 Works cited
Hadorn, David. "Moving Forward with Healthcare Prioritisation." The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online) 123.1326 (2010): 103-11. ProQuest. 19 Sep. 2013 .
Morton, John, and Shona MacMillan. "Adverse Events in New Zealand Healthcare." The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online) 116.1183 (2003) ProQuest. 19 Sep. 2013.