Annotated Bibliography and Reference List of 6 Sources
Borum, R., Cornell, D. G., Modzeleski, W., & Jimerson, S. R. (2010). What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educational Researcher, 39(1), 27-37.
The authors of this paper aimed at researching the empirical evince of school violence. The scope of writing their investigation is that school shooting has become a recent trend of violence that has never been seen in any century except this. School shooting has little literature because it is an emerging trend as compared to other crimes. Therefore, the authors reveal that this violence is becoming epidemic because there were no school and community prevention
strategies. The authors reveal that there are traditional ways of preventing school crime and these strategies have been unsound hence giving rise to the worst school violence ever recorded in history. The authors recommend that threat assessment is the most promising strategy that aim at preventing violence and that this recommendation require further research. The overview of school shooting suggests that stakeholders should respond to crisis response and plans to prepare and mitigate these rare events. This resource is applicable to the current research because it provides information about the most violent and emerging source school crime.
Chen, G. (2008). Communities, Students, Schools, and School Crime A Confirmatory Study of Crime in US High Schools. Urban Education, 43(3), 301-318.
Chen aimed at investigating how communities’ behaviors, student background and learning environment and crime tolerance policies interact to affect school crime. This study was intensive because it involved a large sample size of 712 high schools. The study was done in a 2000 to survey the extent of Crime and Safety to determine the effects of school location and socioeconomic status of students with regard to school crime. The author show that much of school crime happens because of the school environment. According to this study, large schools tend to reflect misbehavior that are likely to affect school safety. After results analysis, the author concluded that school security program correlate positively with crime and violence in school. Tough security programs in school are not necessarily a solution to preventing school crime, but the positive climate combined with security control are effective to improving school safety hence reducing school crimes in the U.S. The importance of this source to the current research is that it provides a general survey of the trend of crimes in U.S. high school. The source also provides a comprehensive analysis of factors associated with presence of the crimes in U.S. high schools.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Physical dating violence among high school students--United States, 2003. MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 55(19), 532-535.
The Center of Disease Control and Prevention evaluated the occurrences of dating violence among high school students in 2003. Through this research, the agency determined that dating violence show physical, sexual and psychological characteristics when it turns sour. A high number of relationships almost always end up bitter as compared to ending up well. Earlier research has defined dating violence to be ranging between 12% and 20% respectively (CDC, 2006). Victims of dating violence are the risk factors of other school violence and crimes where they have a high likely to committing homicide and suicide. Therefore, it will be important if stakeholders solve dating violence before it turns into a serious crime. This agency through its report indicates that primary prevention for dating violence is education. High scholars need education and information before hand as to what can happen within their dating life. Whatever will happen will not come as surprise, but as something that they can work out hence further avoiding more serious violence? The importance of this paper to the present study is that it provides a new insight as to the contribution of dating violence to the underlying persistent problems of high school crime. The paper also gives insight that if violence has to be eliminated from school, then dating violence should eliminated.
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32(3), 365-384.
The authors of this article consider an issue related to bullying and victimization. This research highlights current efforts that American Schools have taken against bullying and victimization. Therefore this research is considered part of forming preventive and intervention against this kind of school violence. In this article, the authors indicate that research that correlate to psychosocial results to developing bullying behaviors that reviewed with an insight to providing directions for the future as research is derived. The authors through their study indicate that they consider the bullying and victimization to emanate from peer ecology and peer influence. Therefore, studies of school wide bullying and prevention programs have documented the prevalence of the problem hence classifying bullying as chronic type of school crimes. The authors also mention that the United States have policies that govern behaviors in schools. If these policies do not prevent bullying and victimization, the same policies might not prevent violence and crimes. The importance of this article to the present research is that it adds information about the magnitude of bullying and victimizations as part of violence in high schools.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. D., Haynie, D. L., Ruan, W. J., & Scheidt, P. C. (2003). Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157(4), 348-353.
With this article, the authors determine the extent to which bullying and are associated with violent behaviors. The authors used a sample of 15686 students in which the outcomes were self-reporting for carrying weapons. Students carry weapons to schools, they fight and injuries during physical fight. Through this research the authors determined that the male students demonstrated more violence behaviors as compared to females. Both male and female also showed significant violent behaviors that require attention. This article shows that violence among youth has become a persistent problem in the U.S. Authors believe that bullying has not been considered as a violent behaviors, but it is classified as a violent behaviors that affect youths of U.S. high school. Bullying is a marker of more serious crimes similar to carrying of weapons and fighting. The importance of this article to the present research is that, it aims at showing how critical bullying can be considered a crime. In this research, bullying will be classified equally as other crimes.
Resnick, M. D., Ireland, M., & Borowsky, I. (2004). Youth violence perpetration: what protects? What predicts? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of adolescent health, 35(5), 424-e1.
Resnick and Borowsky (2004), aimed at conducting a study that will identify individual, family and community-level risk in penetration of violence. They also analyzed the protective factors of violence perpetration among national sample of adolescents. The researchers analyzed their data using a wave of date from a survey that was conducted on a national scale. In this study, demographic information was covariates that measured the parental expectations, connectedness and with parents or adults that know how their students behaved. The authors revealed that violent in schools only reduced if there were protective factors even if the risk factors were significant and present. In this research the authors concluded that the findings support the utility of dual strategy in reducing the risk factors while enhancing protective factors that are valid for adolescents. This research paper is important to the present research because it evaluates how the students, the family and the community contribute to the level of risks contained in school and the protective risks that are possible for preventing violence.
Reference
Borum, R., Cornell, D. G., Modzeleski, W., & Jimerson, S. R. (2010). What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educational Researcher, 39(1), 27-37.
Chen, G. (2008). Communities, Students, Schools, and School Crime A Confirmatory Study of Crime in US High Schools. Urban Education, 43(3), 301-318.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Physical dating violence among high school students--United States, 2003. MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 55(19), 532-535.
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32(3), 365-384.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. D., Haynie, D. L., Ruan, W. J., & Scheidt, P. C. (2003). Relationships between bullying and violence among US youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157(4), 348-353.
Resnick, M. D., Ireland, M., & Borowsky, I. (2004). Youth violence perpetration: what protects? What predicts? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of adolescent health, 35(5), 424-e1.
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